![]() We analyzed the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database for correlations between IL‑6 and uPA with the overall survival of breast cancer patients. Among these cytokines, IL‑6 played a crucial role in the NK cell‑induced uPA downregulation and inhibition of the invasive phenotype of MDA‑MB‑231 cells and Hs578T cells. Cytokine array analysis showed that the levels of interleukin (IL)‑10, IL‑6, IL‑8, C‑C motif ligand (CCL)5, and CCL2 were increased in conditioned media from the co‑cultured cells. Notably, the expression of urokinase‑type plasminogen activator (uPA) was markedly reduced by NK cells. The invasive phenotype of MDA‑MB‑231 cells was significantly inhibited by co‑culture with NK cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of NK cells on MDA‑MB‑231 TNBC cells using an indirect co‑culture system. Although it is clear that NK cells exert antitumor activity in the tumor microenvironment, their role in the aggressive progression of TNBC has not been elucidated in detail. Natural killer (NK) cells are functionally diverse lymphocytes that recognize and kill cancer cells. Triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer, and there is no effective therapeutic target to date.
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